Daniel Abdi, Isidora Jankov, Paul Madden et al.
· Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2026, Article 250061
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HRRRCast is a ResNet-based emulator of the HRRR convection-allowing model over CONUS, with DDIM ensembles that beat HRRR at the 20 dBZ reflectivity threshold.
Benjamin R. Scarino, Kyle F. Itterly, Kristopher M. Bedka et al.
· Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems
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A deep neural network combining GOES cloud-top satellite data with reanalysis parameters estimates severe hail likelihood, reaching CSI 0.511 against radar MESH.
Andrew P. Osborne, Jian Zhang, Micheal J. Simpson et al.
· Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems
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CNN corrects MRMS radar precipitation estimates over complex western US terrain, beating radar QPE on several atmospheric river events in a year-long evaluation.
Shruti Ashok Upadhyaya, Pierre‐Emmanuel Kirstetter, Robert J. Kuligowski et al.
· Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
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A Random Forest precipitation estimator using GOES-16 ABI infrared channels and RAP predictors over CONUS beats SCaMPR, with correlation 0.46 and HSS 0.91 vs 0.19.
Peter D. Dueben, Martin G. Schultz, Matthew Chantry et al.
· Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems
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Provides a recipe for building atmospheric-science ML benchmark datasets and lists domain-specific challenges and needed benchmarks for weather, climate and air quality.
Ignacio Lopez-Gomez, Amy McGovern, Shreya Agrawal et al.
· Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems (2023)
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Convolutional neural weather models trained with extreme-focused losses improve global heatwave forecasts 1 to 28 days ahead, beating persistence and ECMWF S2S after two weeks.
Suraj Pawar, Omer San, Adil Rasheed et al.
· Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
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Symmetry-preserving CNN subgrid closures for 2D Kraichnan turbulence respect translation, Galilean and rotation invariance and stay stable in coarse simulations.
Vittorio A. Gensini, Cody Converse, Walker S. Ashley et al.
· Weather and Forecasting
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Random forest trained on 150,000 ERA5 proximity soundings best classifies significant tornadoes and hail, with SHAP-derived thresholds for operational nowcasting.
Yunish Shrestha, Yan Rockee Zhang, Richard J. Doviak et al.
· International Journal of Remote Sensing
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Machine learning on polarimetric S-band radar storm cells predicts lightning flash rates up to 30 minutes ahead, with polarimetric gains mainly for short datasets.
Shruti Ashok Upadhyaya, Pierre‐Emmanuel Kirstetter, Robert J. Kuligowski et al.
· Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
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A machine-learning classifier on GOES-16 ABI channels with NWP inputs identifies precipitation occurrence with 97% accuracy and convective types at 76%.
Zhiang Chen, Melissa A. Wagner, Jnaneshwar Das et al.
· Remote Sensing
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Deep neural networks on UAS orthomosaics detect and classify tornado damage, producing georeferenced damage heatmaps for post-event assessment after the 2018 Eureka tornado.
John R. Mecikalski, Thea N. Sandmæl, Elisa M. Murillo et al.
· Monthly Weather Review
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Random forests combining GOES-16 satellite, lightning and radar fields improve severe storm warning prediction over radar alone, identifying cloud-top divergence as most informative.
Montgomery Flora, Corey K. Potvin, Patrick S. Skinner et al.
· Monthly Weather Review
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Random forests, gradient-boosted trees and logistic regression calibrate NOAA Warn-on-Forecast ensemble guidance for tornado, hail and wind, beating updraft-helicity baselines.
Ryan Lagerquist, Amy McGovern, Cameron R. Homeyer et al.
· Monthly Weather Review
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CNNs using radar images and proximity soundings predict next-hour tornado occurrence with AUC above 0.9, with a GridRad critical success index of 0.31.
Eric D. Loken, Adam James Clark, Christopher D. Karstens
· Weather and Forecasting
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Random forests convert convection-allowing ensemble forecasts into day-1 severe weather probabilities, beating calibrated updraft helicity and SPC outlooks in Brier skill, especially for wind and hail.
Shawn L. Handler, Heather Dawn Reeves, Amy McGovern
· Weather and Forecasting
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Random forest on HRRR surface fields produces gridded CONUS probabilistic subfreezing road temperature forecasts, with a 2-h Brier skill score of 0.66.
Amy McGovern, Ryan Lagerquist, David John Gagne et al.
· Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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Synthesizes ML interpretation methods such as saliency maps and permutation importance, demonstrated on tornado, hail and convective-mode applications.
Eric D. Loken, Adam James Clark, Amy McGovern et al.
· Weather and Forecasting
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Random forest calibrates 12–36 h SREF and HREFv2 precipitation ensembles over CONUS, improving reliability and Brier skill over raw and smoothed probabilities.
Ryan Lagerquist, Amy McGovern, David John Gagne
· Weather and Forecasting
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CNN with a novel probability-to-object step detects synoptic warm and cold fronts in reanalysis grids, achieving 0.73 probability of detection at 250 km.
Jingxiao Cai, Yan Rockee Zhang, Richard J. Doviak et al.
· IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
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Neural network classifies typhoon low-altitude turbulence from Hong Kong terminal Doppler radar, validated against commercial aircraft turbulence measurements.
Ata Akbari Asanjan, Tiantian Yang, Kuolin Hsu et al.
· Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
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An LSTM extrapolates cloud-top brightness temperature, then PERSIANN retrieves 0–6 h rainfall, beating RNN, optical flow and RAP over three US regions.
Guoqiang Tang, Di Long, Ali Behrangi et al.
· Water Resources Research
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A deep neural network retrieves high-latitude rain and snow from GMI and MODIS data, largely outperforming GPROF on snowfall and reducing rain underestimation.
Michael B. Richman
· 98th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting
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An AMS 2018 conference abstract on applying machine learning to reduce tropical cyclone prediction errors. No abstract is available, so the assessment is low confidence.
Amy McGovern, Kimberly L. Elmore, David John Gagne et al.
· Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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Shows AI methods, combined with physical understanding, improve forecasts of storm duration, severe wind and hail, precipitation type, renewable energy and aviation turbulence.