Felix Strnad, Jakob Schlör, Ruth Geen et al.
· Nature Communications
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Unsupervised learning finds three propagation modes of Indo-Pacific rainfall extremes linked to Pacific SST, with early warning skill up to four weeks ahead.
Philipp Hess, Stefan Lange, Christof Schötz et al.
· Earth s Future
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Physically constrained cGANs correct CMIP6-class Earth system model precipitation biases in both local distributions and spatial patterns, outperforming existing methods on extremes' spatial intermittency.
Maximilian Gelbrecht, Alistair White, Sebastian Bathiany et al.
· Geoscientific Model Development, 2023, Volume 16, Issue 11, 3123-3135
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Argues that making Earth system models automatically differentiable enables objective calibration and hybrid ML components, targeting climate sensitivity, spatial biases and abrupt transitions.
Philipp Hess, Markus Drüke, Stefan Petri et al.
· Nature Machine Intelligence
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A physically constrained GAN corrects Earth system model precipitation, fixing local distributions and the double-peaked ITCZ while preserving global precipitation sums under future scenarios.
Extends WeatherBench with probabilistic metrics, an IFS ensemble baseline and three probabilistic ML models; Monte Carlo dropout underestimates uncertainty and no ML model matches IFS.
Elizaveta Felsche, Ralf Ludwig
· Natural hazards and earth system sciences
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Applies neural networks and SHAP to predict European drought one month ahead from a 50-member regional climate large ensemble, with about 55–60% correct event classification.
Philipp Hess, Niklas Boers
· Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
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Deep networks trained on an NWP ensemble with a frequency-weighted loss correct rainfall, improving extreme-event forecast skill by factors of two to above six.
Brendan Keith, Ustim Khristenko, Barbara Wohlmuth
· Physics of Fluids 33, 095110 (2021)
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Data-driven nonlocal turbulence model whose covariance kernel is partly a neural network, calibrated to 1968 Kansas field data and more accurate than the IEC standard.
Stephan Rasp, Nils Thuerey
· Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
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A residual CNN pretrained on climate model output and fine-tuned on reanalysis gives WeatherBench 5-day forecasts that outperform prior submissions and rival a physical baseline.
Stephan Rasp, Peter D. Dueben, Sebastian Scher et al.
· Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
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WeatherBench introduces an ERA5-derived benchmark with standard metrics and baselines (linear regression, deep learning, physical models) for data-driven medium-range global weather forecasting.
Stephan Rasp, Peter Dominik Dueben, Sebastian Scher et al.
· arXiv (Cornell University)
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WeatherBench provides an ERA5-derived benchmark with metrics and baselines for data-driven global medium-range forecasting, enabling direct model comparison.
Proposes coupled online learning, where a neural parameterization runs alongside a high-resolution simulation with nudging, to reduce instabilities and biases; illustrated on Lorenz 96.
Stephan Rasp, Hauke Schulz, Sandrine Bony et al.
· Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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Crowd-labelled about 50,000 shallow cloud clusters in satellite images to train deep learning that maps four organization patterns and builds global climatologies.
Michael Koller, Johannes Feldmaier, Klaus Diepold
· arXiv
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Compares neural networks, regression trees and Nexting for short-term local weather trend forecasts from historical data; no single method clearly wins, with Nexting good for slow signals.
Duong Tran Anh, Song Pham Van, Thanh Duc Dang et al.
· International Journal of Climatology
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LSTM and feedforward networks downscale CMIP5 precipitation for the Mekong Delta, projecting 20-25% wet-season increases and dry-season decreases for 2036-2065.