Improving the heavy rainfall forecasting using a weighted deep learning model

Yutong Chen, Gang Huang, Ya Wang, Weichen Tao, Qun Tian, Kai Ge Yang, Jiangshan Zheng, Hubin He

Frontiers in Environmental Science · 08 February 2023 · Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA)

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In one sentence. Weighted U-Net corrects ECMWF-IFS precipitation over China, improving heavy-rainfall forecast skill over the ordinary U-Net, with gains growing at longer lead times.

Abstract

Weather forecasting has been playing an important role in socio-economics. However, operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) is insufficiently accurate in terms of precipitation forecasting, especially for heavy rainfalls. Previous works on NWP bias correction utilizing deep learning (DL) methods mostly focused on a local region, and the China-wide precipitation forecast correction had not been attempted. Meanwhile, earlier studies imposed no particular focus on strong rainfalls despite their severe catastrophic impacts. In this study, we propose a DL model called weighted U-Net (WU-Net) that incorporates sample weights for various precipitation events to improve the forecasts of intensive precipitation in China. It is found that WU-Net can further improve the forecasting skill of heaviest rainfall comparing with the ordinary U-Net and ECMWF-IFS. Further analysis shows that this improvement increases with growing lead time, and distributes mainly in the eastern parts of China. This study suggests that a DL model considering the imbalance of the meteorological data could further improve the precipitation forecasting generated by numerical weather prediction.

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